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Acinonyx kurteni
"''Acinonyx kurteni''", commonly known as the Linxia cheetah, is a discredited fossil specimen of an extinct cheetah discovered in China. The scientific name was assigned for the skull that was originally described to be that of an extinct species of cheetah, endemic to Asia during the Late Pliocene sub-epoch. It was estimated to have lived around 2.2 to 2.5 Ma BP, existing for approximately .
The fossil discovery was reported in 2008, and was claimed to be the most primitive ''Acinonyx'' lineage so far discovered. Further, the study concluded that the cheetahs originated in the Old World, not the New World as previously believed. It was thought to share some features with the modern cheetah, ''Acinonyx jubatus'', such as in having enlarged sinuses for air intake during sprinting, while its teeth show primitive features.
After a long suspicion of the authenticity of the fossil, is was finally accepted as a forgery in 2012.
==Discovery and description==
The fossil skull was discovered in 2008 and described in 2009 by Per Christiansen, from the Zoological Museum in Copenhagen, and Ji H. Mazák, of the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, in the journal ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA''. It was reported as being discovered from the Late Pliocene, fossiliferous-rich “Hezheng” locality in Linxia basin (hence the popular name "Linxia cheetah"), in the south-eastern part of Gansu Province, China. The species name was given in honour of Björn Kurtén, the late professor of paleontology at the University of Helsinki. The skull was almost complete except for the occipital condyles, basioccipital region and upper canines. It resembles the true cheetahs in having a tall skull with a domed structure, a very wide braincase relative to skull length, enlarged frontal sinuses, a large nasal aperture, and a well-developed occipital crest. But the upper premolars are very primitive, like those of some extinct felines. It is older than earlier described species, such as the European ''Acinonyx pardinensis'' (dated to about 2.2 Ma old) and the North African ''Acinonyx aicha'' (about 2.5 Ma old).〔 Thus, it apparently disproved the prevailing notion that cheetahs originated in the New World.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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